Types+of+walls+in+constructions

**Walls may be divided into two types:** Good quality walls provide strength and stability, weather resistance, fire resistance, thermal insulation and sound insulation. **Types of Building Walls** There are various ways to construct a wall and many different materials can be used, but they can be divided into four main groups. Another form of construction adapted for framed or earth buildings consists of relatively light sheeting secured to the face of the wall to form the enclosed element. These are generally termed 'claddings'. Factors which will determine the type of wall to be used are: The height of walls should allow people to walk freely and work in a room without knocking their heads on the ceiling, beams etc. In dwelling houses with ceilings is 2.4m a suitable height. Low roofs or ceilings in a house create a depressing atmosphere and tend to make the rooms warmer in hot weather. []
 * Load-bearing walls which support loads from floors and roof in addition to their own weight and which resist side pressure from wind and, in some cases, from stored material or objects within the building,
 * non-load-bearing walls which carry no floor or roof loads. Each type may be further divided into external or enclosing walls, and internal dividing walls. The term partition is applied to walls, either load-bearing or non-loadbearing, dividing the space within a building into rooms.
 * Masonry wall, in which the wall is built of individual blocks of materials such as brick, clay or concrete blocks, or stone, usually in horizontal courses bonded together with some form of mortar. Several of the earth derived products, either air dried or fired, are reasonable in cost and well suited to the climate.
 * Monolithic wall, in which the wall is built of a material placed in forms during the construction. The traditional earth wall and the modern concrete wall are examples. The earth walls are inexpensive and durable if placed on a good foundation and protected from rain by a rendering or wide roof overhangs.
 * Frame wall, in which the wall is constructed as a frame of relatively small members, usually of timber, at close intervals which together with facing or sheething on one or both sides form a load-bearing system. Offcuts are a lowcost material to use for a frame wall covering.
 * Membrane wall, in which the wall is constructed as a sandwich of two thin skins or sheets of reinforced plastic, metal, asbestos-cement or other suitable material bonded to a core of foamed plastic to produce a thin wall element of high strength and low weight.
 * The materials available at a reasonable cost.
 * Availability of craftsmen capable of using the materials in the best way.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Climate
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">The use of the building - functional requirements.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">The classification of the walls.
<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: justify;">The wall - the main elements of the design of the building, and on the choice of their type depend on many parameters of the future house: external or internal appeal, comfort, heat- and sound insulation, fire resistance, possibility of application of auxiliary equipment and furniture, and finally, factors such as the ecological cleanliness of the home.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: justify;">In construction, depending on destination, the walls are divided into external and internal. In the perception of loads walls are divided on the load-bearing and non-bearing. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: justify;">Depending on the type of material used in the construction of walls, they can be <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: justify;">When choosing the material for the erection of the walls should be taken into account "rule of homogeneity" - all capital (bearing) wall should be built of the same material, and based on the same foundation. It only allows the combination of brick with lightweight concrete and DSPS (cement-shaving plates) and wood in the hull frame wall. Another sign by which classified the wall, "their constructive solution. In this respect, the walls are divided into monolithic, small- and крупноблочные, panel, panel, frame, prefabricated (срубовые and log), combined.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: justify;">Load-bearing wall is a natural continuation of the foundation and is an essential element of the construction of the building, it serves as a base for the beams or concrete tiles, ceiling or attic floors, that is, the "bears" on a kind of load. During the dismantling of the bearing wall violate the integrity of the building.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: justify;">Non-bearing walls, the wall is a wall, the main purpose of which is the separation of facilities into several parts or allocation in the room of functional zones. Its removal does not entail a redistribution of loads in the construction of the building. Non-bearing walls, a wall or a partition can only be internal.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: justify;">wooden (made of logs, boards, one- and two-layer frames with a shell of boards),
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: justify;">brick (from solid, hollow, ceramic, silicate bricks and blocks),
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: justify;">stone (from cobble stone, limestone, limestone, tuff stone, sandstone),
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: justify;">concrete (from heavy concrete of different grades - slabs and blocks, as well as of lightweight concrete - cellular-concrete, claydite-owned, breeze, foam concrete, raspings-concrete blocks).

<span style="color: #404040; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: justify;">// (it is not about walls types, but it can be very useful in Conclusion) // <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: justify;">The constructive solution of the walls and materials for their construction, depending on the local climatic conditions, given the strength and durability of the building, the desired level of comfort of habitation and architectural expressiveness of the facade. The stone walls of the most durable and long-lived, however, as a constructive wall material in the modern individual construction, they are very seldom used due to its low heat-insulating properties. Use of stone for construction of the walls is expedient only in the southern regions. In the middle belt of Russia, stone material (typically crushed stone) is usually used when laying the foundation. In recent decades, the most popular type of wall materials (in case of building construction) is brick. Thanks to the use of different types of bricks and the application of various technologies of their masonry can be folded strong, not heavy on the wall, have good heat and sound insulating properties. Concrete walls also have high strength and durability, but lower on a number of indicators of the other types of walls (for example, they have relatively low coefficient of heat preservation). The advantages of the walls of lightweight concrete. - the ability to quickly and less labour-intensive construction works, but also the fact that they are in 1,5 - 2 times cheaper than brick. Wooden walls of the warmest and friendly, they have good sound insulation, but inferior to brick in the durability, strength and fire resistance. In addition, the cost of construction timber in recent years has increased markedly. However, the individual developers wood as a constructive wall building material continues to be quite popular. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: justify;">[]